Międzyosobowy poziom wyjaśniania umysłu i zdolności poznawczych
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14394/filnau.2020.0009Słowa kluczowe:
the interpersonal level of explanation of mind, social mechanisms of mind transformation, the shared intentionality hypothesis, dialogic thinking, Vygotsky’s theory, Tomasello’s theory, mechanism-based explanationAbstrakt
What is the influence of the social and (to a lesser extent) the cultural on mind and cognition? The question will concern: (i) the nature of the relation between what is social and cultural, on the one hand, and the mind, cognitive ability, and cognitive development on the other; (ii) aspects of the mind, cognitive ability, and cognitive development affected by what is social and cultural; (iii) processes in which what is social and cultural becomes a part of individual cognitive functioning. This paper attempts to provide a conceptual framework within which the above questions can be answered. In the literature concerning the explanation of mind and cognitive abilities, attention is drawn to the importance of distinguishing levels of explanation. One of such approaches to multi-level explanation of the mind and cognition is the distinction drawn by Daniel Dennett between the personal level of explanation (e.g., level of beliefs, desires) and the subpersonal level of explanation (e.g., neural or computational). The purpose of this article is to argue that — recognising that the social and the cultural are one of the constitutive conditions of mind and cognition — we should posit a third level: the interpersonal level of explanation (ILE). The reason for postulating ILE is that there are specific domains in which interpersonal interactions affect elementary cognitive abilities and processes, which may thus result in their transformation into higher cognitive abilities and processes. The entire group of such domains will be defined as ILE, and at the centre of its explanatory potential will be the different types and forms of the said transformation. One of the main research objectives pursued at the ILE is to identify and formulate a taxonomy of transformative features and processes. Two models of such processes will be presented: the Vygotsky model and the Tomasello model. In the final part of this paper, the basic methodological assumptions of the ILE will be presented: the relative autonomy of this level of explanation, multi-level analysis, and the mechanism-based explanation. These assumptions will also be used to formulate general theses of the ILE.
Bibliografia
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Hobson P. (2002), The Cradle of Thought. Exploring the Origins of Thinking, London: MacMillan.
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Jankovic M., Ludwig K. (eds.) (2017), The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality, New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315768571
Kern A., Moll H. (2017), On the Transformative Character of Collective Intentionality and the Uniqueness of the Human, „Philosophical Psychology” 30(3), 319-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515089.2017.1295648
Kielar-Turska M. (2013), Językowa zewnętrzna i wewnętrzna kontrola działania, „Psychologia Rozwojowa” 18(4), 47-61.
Meadows S. (2009), The Child as Social Person, London: Routledge–Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203861059
Moll H. (2016), Tension in the Natural History of Human Thinking, „Journal of Social Ontology” 2(1), 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1515/jso-2015-0043
Moll H., Tomasello M. (2007), Cooperation and Human Cognition. The Vygotskian Intelligence Hypothesis, „Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences” 362(1480), 639-648. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.2000
Müller U., Jacques S., Brocki K., Zelazo P. (2009), The Executive Function of Language in Preschool Children [w:] Private Speech, Executive Functioning, and the Development of Verbal Self-Regulation, A. Winsler, C. Fernyhough, I. Montero (eds.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511581533.005
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Przybysz P. (2014), O poznawaniu innych umysłów. Wokół kognitywistycznych badań nad poznaniem społecznym, Poznań: Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Puchalska-Wasyl M. (2016), Nasze wewnętrzne dialogi. O dialogowości jako sposobie funkcjonowania człowieka, Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika.
Rakoczy H. (2016), The Development of Individual and Shared Intentionality [w:] The Routledge Handbook to the Philosophy of the Social Mind, J. Kiverstein (ed.), London: Routledge, 139-151.
Schweikard D. P., Schmid H. B. (2013), Collective Intentionality [w:] The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2013 Edition), E. N. Zalta (ed.), http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/collective-intentionality.
Sawyer R. K. (2005), Social Emergence. Societies as Complex Systems, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511734892
Sawyer R. K. (2011), Conversation as Mechanism. Emergence in Creative Groups [w:] Analytical Sociology and Social Mechanisms, P. Demeulenaere (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 78-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO 9780511921315.005
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Sterelny K. (2010), Minds. Extended or Scaffolded?, „Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences” 9, 465-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-010-9174-y
Thagard P. (2008), Hot Thought. Mechanisms and Applications of Emotional Cognition, Cambridge, MA: Bradford Book–The MIT Press.
Thagard P. (2013), Cognitive Science [w:] The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Science, S. Psillos, M. Curd (eds.), London–New York: Routledge, 596-608.
Tollefsen D. (2015), Groups as Agents, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Tollefsen D. (2017), Collective Intentionality and Methodology in the Social Sciences [w:] The Routledge Handbook of Collective Intentionality, M. Jankovic, K. Ludwig (eds), New York: Routledge, 389-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315768571-37
Tomasello M. (1999), The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Tomasello M. (2002), Kulturowe źródła ludzkiego poznawania, tłum. J. Rączaszek, Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.
Tomasello M. (2015), Historia naturalna ludzkiego myślenia, tłum. B. Kucharzyk, R. Ociepa, Kraków: Copernicus Center Press.
Tomasello M. (2016a), A Natural History of Human Morality, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674915855
Tomasello M. (2016b), Dlaczego współpracujemy?, tłum. Ł. Kwiatek, Kraków: Copernicus Center Press.
Tomasello M. (2016c), Precís of A Natural History of Human Thinking, „Journal of Social Ontology” 2(1), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.1515/jso-2015-0041
Tomasello M. (2016d), Response to Commentators, „Journal of Social Ontology” 2(1), 117- 123. https://doi.org/10.1515/jso-2015-0042
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2020-06-26
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Żuromski, D. (2020). Międzyosobowy poziom wyjaśniania umysłu i zdolności poznawczych. Filozofia Nauki, 28(2), 47–74. https://doi.org/10.14394/filnau.2020.0009
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Filozofia Nauki | ISSN 1230-6894 | e-ISSN 2657-5868